Image courtesy of salon.com. |
In the summer of 1960, Sidney Gottlieb, a C.I.A.
chemist, flew to Congo with a carry-on bag containing vials of poison
and a hypodermic syringe. It was an era of relative subtlety among
C.I.A. assassins. The toxins were intended for the food, drink, or
toothpaste of Patrice Lumumba, Congo’s Prime Minister, who, in the
judgment of the Eisenhower Administration, had gone soft on Communism.
Upon his arrival, as Tim Weiner recounts in his history of the C.I.A.,
Gottlieb handed his kit to Larry Devlin, the senior C.I.A. officer in
Léopoldville. Devlin asked who had ordered the hit. “The President,”
Gottlieb assured him. In later testimony, Devlin said that he felt
ashamed of the command. He buried the poisons in a riverbank, but helped
find an indirect way to eliminate Lumumba, by bankrolling and arming
political enemies. The following January, Lumumba was executed by the
Belgian military.
Assassination was seen not only as precise and efficient but also as ultimately humane. Putting such theory into practice was the role of the C.I.A., and the agency’s tally of toppled leftists, nationalists, or otherwise unreliable leaders is well known, from Mohammad Mosadegh, of Iran, in 1953, and Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán, of Guatemala, in 1954, to Ngo Dinh Diem, of South Vietnam, in 1963, and Salvador Allende, of Chile, in 1973. Not all the schemes went according to plan; a few seemed inspired by Wile E. Coyote. The C.I.A. once planned to bump off Fidel Castro by passing him an exploding cigar.
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